海洋真菌杀虫活性的初步研究

对采集自浙江舟山海域底泥、福建省九龙江口红树林及福建省云霄县红树林共188株海洋真菌代谢产物的杀小杆线虫（Rhabditis sp．）和卤虫（brineshrimp）活性进行初步研究．筛选出#164菌株代谢产物对小杆线虫显示了较好的杀害活性，其LC90小于0．5mg／mL．#122菌株代谢产物对卤虫显示了较强的麻痹效应．#305菌株代谢产物对卤虫的LG。仅为75μg／mL．此外，对188株海洋真菌代谢产物的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性进行研究．筛选出#229菌株代谢产物和#170菌株代谢产物具有较强的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,IC50分别为30／μg／mL和25／μg／mL．这些活性菌株具有产生杀线虫剂或乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的特性．     

WP2深海细菌基因组文库的构建和克隆子测序比对分析

以pUC19质粒DNA作为载体,用BamH1酶切、碱性磷酸酶处理后,分别与Sau3AⅠ部分酶切的Shewanella sp.(WP2) 基因组DNA 2-6kb的DNA片段连接,电击转化大肠杆菌DH5 α感受态,在含有Amp的LB平板上筛选重组子,得到转化子约5～6×103;随机挑取100个克隆子,经DNA测序,通过在网络数据库中进行BLASTX分析,得到一系列相对保守蛋白的比对结果.这些结果为遗传背景不清楚的细菌的研究,提供了一条从分子水平上探讨的技术路线.     

无菌条件下的小球藻培养条件优化

在无菌培养条件下，对影响纯化小球藻（Chlorella sp．）生长的NaHCO3，KNO3，KH2PO4，VB1，VB12等主要营养因素进行了优化．实验结果表明微量元素对纯化小球藻的生长有极显著的影响，维生素对纯化小球藻的生长亦有一定的影响．通过五因素四水平正交实验，得到了以海水为基础的优化培养基配方：KNO3 0．5g／L、NaHCO3 0．2g／L、VB12 1．0g／L、KH2PO4 0．02g／L、VB1 0．3mg／L，并添加f／2微量元素．该优化配方有效地提高了纯化小球藻的生长速度和生物量产量．     

Sodium Acetate Stimulates PHB Biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

IntroductionA large variety of bacteria are able to synthesizepolyhydroxyalkanoic acids (PHAs) and to depositlarge amounts of these polyesters as insolubleinclusions in cytoplasm[1 ] . PHAs have attractedthe interest of the chemical industry because oftheir biodegradable properties for applications invarious technical,medical,and pharmaceuticalapplications[2 ] .Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate(PHB) isatypical PHA that is produced by heterotrophicbacteria,such as Alcaligenes eutrophus andEscherichi…     

一株原油降黏细菌的筛选

自环境中分离出一株假单胞菌，在厌氧条件下能显著降低高黏度原油黏度，降黏率最高可达68％，气相色谱显示，降解前后原油中各组份含量发生显著变化。     

肉食真菌的施用期对土壤线虫的防治效果

利用CN.7(Candelabrella sp.)肉食真菌菌株防治土壤线虫危害寄主根系的效果,在很大程度上受施用时间的制约。试验结果说明:菌剂作为“保护剂”施用的效果远远优于作为“治疗剂”施用的效果。即在播种入土前或与播种同时施用,效果最好。     

根霉Rhizopus sp.TC1产酶条件的研究

根据要因实验原则,选择影响因子较大的因素进行实验,初步研究了根霉Rhizopussp.TC1的产酶条件.经实验确定优化产酶条件为:稻草∶麸皮=1∶1;固液比=1∶3;接种量9 mL种子液/100 g湿基;温度28℃,在此条件下发酵96 h,FPA和CMC酶活分别达到17.8 IU/g、187.0 IU/g,较优化前的12.3 IU/g、131.6 IU/g分别提高了45%和42%.     

2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase gene was first discovered in Arthrobacter sp. strain PJ3

Bacterium strain PJ3,isolated from wastewater and identified as Arthrobacter sp. bacterium based on its 16S rDNA gene,could use carbazole as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy source. The genomic library of strain PJ3 was constructed and a positive clone JM109(pUCW402) was screened out for the expression of dioxygenase by the ability to form yellow ring-fission product. A 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase(23DHBD) gene of 933 bp was found in the 3360 bp exogenous fragment of pUCW402 by GenSCAN software and BLAST analysis. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 23DHBD from strain PJ3 formed a deep branch separate from a cluster containing most known 23DHBD in GenBank. Southern hybridization confirmed for the first time that the 23DHBD gene was from the genomic DNA of Arthrobacter sp. PJ3. In order to test the gene function,recombinant bacterium BL21(pETW-8) was constructed to express 23DHBD. The expression level in BL21(pETW-8) was highest compared with the recombinant bacteria JM109(pUCW402) and strain PJ3. We observed that 23DHBD was not absolute specific. The enzyme activity was higher with 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl as a substrate than with catechol. The substrate specificity assay suggested that 23DHBD was essential for cleavage of bi-cyclic aromatic compounds during the course of aromatic compound biodegradation in Arthrobacter sp. strain PJ3.     

松树两种病原菌拮抗微生物的筛选

采用组织分离法从健康的和感染松枯梢病的松树针叶上分离了叶栖微生物1 862株.选取有代表性的菌株通过室内平皿对峙培养,初步筛选出对松枯梢病菌和松赤枯病菌具有较好生防潜力的菌株12株.其中,拮抗细菌菌株6株、酵母菌3株、丝状真菌木霉(Trichoderma sp.)3株,拮抗效果由强到弱依次为细菌、木霉、酵母菌,细菌无菌滤液的拮抗效果明显好于菌体本身.拮抗菌的筛选以相对抑菌效果为准,同时应考虑被抑制率和菌种本身具有的致病性.     

低温解烃菌T7-2分类鉴定及治理海洋石油污染的条件优化

从渤海油船泄漏区域的海底泥中筛选到一株能降解柴油的低温解烃菌T7-2,初步鉴定为红平红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropolis).该菌在接种到以柴油为碳源的海水中,通过补加少量氮、磷盐及微量酵母粉,15℃振荡培养7 d,降解率达到60.14%.采用响应面法(RSM)对补加营养进行了优化.方差分析表明二阶多项式模型是适合的,回归分析得到了相应的参数.T检验证明(NH4)2SO4、Na2HPO4.和酵母粉均是影响柴油降解的显著性因素.优化的补加营养条件为(NH4)2SO4为2.53 g/L、Na2HPO4为2.75 g/L和酵母粉为10.19 mg/L,验证实验和预期一致,优化后降解率达到75.09%,比优化前提高了25%.